8 | PMAC
man, the Association played a critical role
in the development and industry adoption
of the International Ship and Port Facility
Security Code (ISPS Code). This compre-
hensive set of measures was designed to en-
hance the security of ships and port facilities,
largely driven by the wake of 9-11 terror at-
tacks in America. The ISPS Code takes into
account that ensuring the security of ships
and port facilities is a risk management ac-
tivity, and provides a standardized, consis-
tent framework for evaluating risk, enabling
Governments to offset changes in threat
with changes in vulnerability for ships and
port facilities, through determination of ap-
propriate security levels and corresponding
Everton Walters
Fritz Pinnock
